Term 1

• How to plot a graph correctly:
  • Independent variables are to be plotted on the x axis.
  • Dependent variables are to be plotted on the y axis.
• How to draw hypotheses and checking whether the hypothesis is correct.
• Variables:
  • Independent variables are variables which values are chosen.
  • Dependent variables are variables which values are the results of experiments.
  • Constant variables are values which are kept constant throughout the whole experiment.
• Controls are used to compare with other experiments.
• Experiments are repeated to increase the reliability of the results.
• Flames:
  • Non-Luminous Flame
  • Luminous Flame
• How to operate Bunsen burners.
• Units are important so as to not get confused with results and conversions.
• Density = mass/volume
• The Periodic Table consists of 109 elements
• Atomic Structures
• Sexual Reproduction in Humans

Term 2

• States of Matter: Solid, Liquid and Gas
• Kinetic Theory: All molecules move in a random motion
• Elements:
  • Compounds: Elements combined together and separated with a chemical reaction.
  • Mixtures: Elements which are mixed together without chemical reactions and can be separated easily.
• Solutions and Suspensions:
  • Solute: Thing that you want dissolved.
  • Solvent: Usually a liquid, where you dissolve things in.
  • Solution: Mixture where the solute is totally dissolved in the solvent.
  • Suspension: Mixture where solute does not dissolve in the solvent and stay separate.
• Separation Techniques:
  • Fractional Distillation
  • Distillation
  • Evaporation to Dryness
  • Magnetic Attraction
  • Filtration

Term 3

• Cells:
  • Nucleus
  • Cytoplasm
  • Chloroplasts(Plants only)
  • Cell Wall(Plants only)
  • Vacuole
  • Cell Membrane
  • Mitochondria
  • Ribosomes
• Diffusion: Consists of water, where substances move from area with higher concentration to lower concentration.
• Osmosis: Almost similar to diffusion, but with a partially-permeable membrane.
• Digestive System:
  • mouth
  • oesophagus (gullet)
  • liver (produces bile)
  • stomach (produces hydrochloric acid + enzymes)
  • bile duct
  • pancreas (produces enzymes)
  • duodenum
  • small intestine
  • large intestine
  • appendix
  • rectum
  • anus
• Digestion:
  • Bile helps in digestion of lipids (fats).
  • Enzymes digest starch.
• Respiratory system
  • trachea (windpipe)
  • lungs
  • Bronchus
  • Bronchioles
  • Aevioli
• Thermal Energy:
  • Radiation
  • Conduction
  • Convection